Preparation and Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Sodium azide is a reversible inhibitor of oxidative metabolism; therefore, antibody preparations containing this preservative agent must not be used in cell cultures nor injected into animals. Sodium azide may be removed by washing stained cells or plate-bound antibody or dialyzing soluble antibody in sodium azide-free buffer. Since endotoxin may also affect the results of functional studies, we recommend the NA/LE (No Azide/Low Endotoxin) antibody format, if available, for in vitro and in vivo use.
Engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) induces signal transduction pathways that enhance gene transcription and cellular proliferation and differentiation. TCR ligation results in the recruitment and activation of multiple protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including lck, fyn, and ZAP70. Adaptor proteins, such as Grb2 and SLP-76, relay the signal to downstream effector molecules. LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is a substrate of the activated ZAP70 and functions to bridge the activated TCR and its associated PTKs with tyrosine kinase substrates. LAT is expressed as 36- and 38-kDa forms that result from post-translational modification, and as a 42-kDa form that results from alternative splicing. LAT is an integral membrane protein that is phosphorylated at five tyrosine sites upon TCR ligation. Following phosphorylation, LAT binds a number of important signaling molecules, including Grb2, Vav, PLCγ1, and the p85 subunit of PI3K. Multiple studies have shown that functional LAT is required for T lymphocyte activation and thymocyte development.
The I58-1169 monoclonal antibody recognizes the phosphorylated tyrosine 171 (pY171) of LAT, which is one of the phosphotyrosine sites required for binding phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Grb2, and Gads.
Development References (6)
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Cho S, Velikovsky CA, Swaminathan CP, Houtman JCD, Samelson LE, Mariuzza RA. Structural basis for differential recognition of tyrosine-phosphorylated sites in the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) by the adaptor Gads. EMBO J. 2004; 23:1441-1451. (Biology).
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Janssen E, Zhang W. Adaptor proteins in lymphocyte activation. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003; 15:269-276. (Biology). View Reference
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Lin J, Weiss A. Identification of the minimal tyrosine residues required for linker for activation of T cell function. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(31):29588-29595. (Biology).
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Paz PE, Wang S, Clarke H, Lu X, Stokoe D, Abo A. Mapping the ZAP-70 phosphorylation sites on LAT (linker for activation of T cells) required for recruitment and activation of signalling proteins in T cells. Biochem J. 2001; 356:461-471. (Biology).
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Samelson LE. Signal transduction mediated by the T cell antigen receptor: The role of adapter proteins. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002; 20:371-394. (Biology).
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Zhu M, Janssen E, Zhang W. Minimal requirement of tyrosine residues of linker for activation of T cells in TCR signaling and thymocyte development. J Immunol. 2003; 170:325-333. (Biology).
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Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
