Preparation and Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
Dopaminergic signaling in midbrain neurons is essential to multiple brain functions and involves the activation of dopamine receptors,
such as D1 and D2, which regulate the phosphorylation state of DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein of Mr = 32,000). D1 receptor ligation causes activation of PKA and phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr-34, which converts DARPP-32 to a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). In addition, DARPP-32 is converted to an inhibitor of PKA via phosphorylation at Thr-75 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). D2 receptor ligation inhibits PKA and activates protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin causing dephosphorylation of DARPP-32. The major function of DARPP-32 may be to inhibit the activity of PP1, which controls the phosphorylation state of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, ion pumps, and transcription factors. DARPP-32 -/- mice are defective in the physiologicial and behavioral responses to dopamine. Thus, DARPP-32, a bifunctional signal transduction molecule that differentially controls a Ser/Thr kinase and a Ser/Thr phosphatase, is a critical element of dopaminergic neurotransmission and normal brain function.
Development References (5)
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Bibb JA, Snyder GL, Nishi A, Yan Z. Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by Cdk5 modulates dopamine signalling in neurons. Nature. 1999; 402(6762):669-671. (Biology). View Reference
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Fienberg AA, Hiroi N, Mermelstein PG. DARPP-32: regulator of the efficacy of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Science. 1998; 281(5378):838-842. (Biology). View Reference
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Kurihara T, Lewis RM, Esler J, Greengard P. Cloning of cDNA for DARPP-32, a dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein. J Neurosci. 1988; 8(2):508-517. (Biology). View Reference
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Yan Z, Feng J, Fienberg AA, Greengard P. D(2) dopamine receptors induce mitogen-activated protein kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(20):11607-11612. (Biology). View Reference
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Yan Z, Hsieh-Wilson L, Feng J. Protein phosphatase 1 modulation of neostriatal AMPA channels: regulation by DARPP-32 and spinophilin. Nat Neurosci. 1999; 2(1):13-17. (Biology). View Reference
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Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.