CD Markers
Cluster of differentiation (CD) is a nomenclature system for human leucocyte surface markers recognized by monoclonal antibodies. CD nomenclature is universally recognized by the scientific community and officially approved by the International Union of Immunological Societies. Due to the explosion of novel monoclonal antibodies developed by the international scientific community, this system was created in 1982 by the HCDM to organize the target antigens of these antibodies. Since multiple antibodies can be generated against the same antigen, the Workshops and Conferences on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen (HLDA) acted as independent validation that differentiated and grouped antigens based on antibody binding.3
Characterized antigens are named as CD followed by an arbitrary number (e.g., CD45). A lowercase letter is added to differentiate molecules that share a common backbone (e.g., CD8a, CD8b). Currently, more than 370 CD molecules have been characterized.4 CD markers have now been expanded to encompass antigens on other species, intracellular antigens and antigens expressed by non-leucocyte cells. BD carries many clones recognized by the HLDA; the workshop number is indicated in the clone information when applicable.
CD56 (NCAM-1)
CD56 is also known as neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM-1), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or embryonic NCAM (E-NCAM).5 It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encoded by the gene NCAM1.6 CD56 plays important roles in the development of the immune and nervous systems. BD carries several clones appropriate for CD56 detection in human, non-human primates and mouse targets.
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