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Western blot analysis of MSH-2. Lysate from A-431 human epidermal carcinoma cells were probed with anti-MSH2 (clone G219-1129) with concentrations between 1 µg/ml to 0.04 µg/ml (lanes 1-3). MSH-2 is identified at ~102 kD.
BD Pharmingen™ Purified Mouse Anti-Human MSH-2
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권장 분석 절차
For IHC, intestine is suggested as a positive control. Staining is typically seen in the crypts of Lieberkuhn, similar to that described by others. Staining is primarily nuclear, but may also be observed in the cytoplasm.
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- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
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The repair of mismatched DNA is essential to maintaining the integrity of genetic information over time. In bacteria the DNA repair process is accomplished by the MutL, MutH, and MutS proteins. The MutS protein initially recognizes and binds to mismatched DNA. Following this, MutH, an endonuclease, and MutL form a complex with MutS and carry out an excision repair mechanism. When bacteria are deficient in one of these enzymes a mutator phenotype arises characterized by genetic instability. The important role played by DNA repair enzymes is emphasized by the fact that they are highly conserved from bacteria to yeast to mammals. In yeast the proteins are called MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), MutL homolog (MLH1), and PMS1 which is also a homolog of MutL. MSH2 is involved in the initial recognition of mismatched nucleotides during the replication mismatch repair process. It is thought that after MSH2 binds to a mismatched DNA duplex it is joined by a heterodimer of MLH1 and PMS1 which together help facilitate the later steps in mismatch repair. The human homologs of DNA mismatch repair enzymes MLH1, PMS2, and MSH2 have recently been cloned. G219-1129 recognizes human MSH-2. A recombinant full-length human MSH2 protein was used as immunogen.
개발 참고 자료 (8)
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Cleaver JE. It was a very good year for DNA repair. Cell. 1994; 76(1):1-4. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Fishel R, Lescoe MK, Rao MR, et al. The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell. 1993; 75(5):1027-1038. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Kramer W, Kramer B, Williamson MS, Fogel S. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of DNA mismatch repair gene PMS1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: homology of PMS1 to procaryotic MutL and HexB. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(10):5339-5346. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Leach FS, Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N. Mutations of a mutS homolog in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cell. 1993; 75(6):1215-1225. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Prolla TA, Christie DM, Liskay RM. Dual requirement in yeast DNA mismatch repair for MLH1 and PMS1, two homologs of the bacterial mutL gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1994; 14(1):407-415. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Prolla TA, Pang Q, Alani E, Kolodner RD, Liskay RM. MLH1, PMS1, and MSH2 interactions during the initiation of DNA mismatch repair in yeast. Science. 1994; 265(5175):1091-1093. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Su SS, Modrich P. Escherichia coli mutS-encoded protein binds to mismatched DNA base pairs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986; 83(14):5057-5061. (Biology). 참조 보기
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Wilson TM, Ewel A, Duguid JR. Differential cellular expression of the human MSH2 repair enzyme in small and large intestine. Cancer Res. 1995; 55(22):5146-5150. (Clone-specific: Immunohistochemistry). 참조 보기
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