Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
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The Ah-receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of agonists. AHR dimerizes with a structurally related protein known as ARNT (arylhydrocarbon-receptor nuclear transducer). This heterodimer binds enhancer elements and induces the expression of target genes, specifically those involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. ARNT1 and ARNT2 are members of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS family of heterodimeric transcription factors, which also includes AHR, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and the Drosophila single-minded protein (Sim). While ARNT2 expression is limited to brain and kidney, ARNT1 exhibits ubiquitous expression. A targeted disruption of the Arnt locus in the mouse yields embryonic stem cells that fail to activate genes that normally respond to low oxygen tension. Arnt -/- embryos do not survive and show defective angiogenesis of the yolk sac and branchial arches, stunted development, and wasting. Thus, in addition to its regulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes, ARNT is thought to induce developmental gene expression resulting in vascularization of the developing embryo.
Development References (6)
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Ambrosini G, Nath AK, Sierra-Honigmann MR, Flores-Riveros J. Transcriptional activation of the human leptin gene in response to hypoxia. Involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(37):34601-64609. (Clone-specific: Gel shift, Western blot). View Reference
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Drutel G, Kathmann M, Heron A, Schwartz JC, Arrang JM. Cloning and selective expression in brain and kidney of ARNT2 homologous to the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996; 225(2):333-339. (Biology). View Reference
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Fallone F, Britton S, Nieto L, Salles B, Muller C. ATR controls cellular adaptation to hypoxia through positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression. Oncogene. 2013; 32(37):4387-4396. (Clone-specific: Western blot). View Reference
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Jiang BH, Jiang G, Zheng JZ, Lu Z, Hunter T, Vogt PK. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling controls levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cell Growth Differ. 2001; 12(7):363-369. (Clone-specific: Western blot). View Reference
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Maltepe E, Schmidt JV, Baunoch D, Bradfield CA, Simon MC. Abnormal angiogenesis and responses to glucose and oxygen deprivation in mice lacking the protein ARNT. Nature. 1997; 386(6623):403-407. (Biology). View Reference
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Suzuki H, Tomida A, Tsuruo T. Dephosphorylated hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha as a mediator of p53-dependent apoptosis during hypoxia. Oncogene. 2001; 20(41):5779-5788. (Clone-specific: Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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