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Western blot analysis of p21 in human and mouse cell lines. Lysates from MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells (lane 1) and EL4 mouse lymphoma cells (lane 2) were probed with Purified Mouse Anti-p21 (Cat. No. 556430) at 1-2 ug/ml, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Mouse Ig (Cat. No. 554002). The mouse (Ms) homolog of human (Hu) p21 is slightly smaller than human p21.
BD Pharmingen™ Purified Mouse Anti-p21
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Any use of products other than the permitted use without the express written authorization of Becton, Dickinson and Company is strictly prohibited.
Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Sodium azide is a reversible inhibitor of oxidative metabolism; therefore, antibody preparations containing this preservative agent must not be used in cell cultures nor injected into animals. Sodium azide may be removed by washing stained cells or plate-bound antibody or dialyzing soluble antibody in sodium azide-free buffer. Since endotoxin may also affect the results of functional studies, we recommend the NA/LE (No Azide/Low Endotoxin) antibody format, if available, for in vitro and in vivo use.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. Cyclins (regulatory subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. The activity of these complexes is modulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including, p16, p21, p27 and others. These proteins, referred to as inhibitors of Cdk activity (CDkIs) bind to cyclins, cdks or their complexes. p21, also known as senescent cell-derived inhibitor 1 (Sdi1), wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (Waf1), Cdk-interacting protein 1 (Cip1), and p53-regulated inhibitor of Cdks (Pic1) inhibits cyclin D-cdk4, cyclin E-cdk3, cyclin A-cdk2, and cyclin A-cdk1. p21 can also inhibit cell cycle progression by binding to PCNA and blocking DNA replication. p21 has also shown to be a component of active cyclin-cdk complexes, suggesting that p21-containing complexes may shift between active and inactive states through changes in p21 content. Active, p21-containing complexes appear to contain one p21 molecule, whereas inactive complexes contain multiple p21 molecules. The expression of p21 can be induced in response to number of signals, including transcriptional upregulation by the tumor suppressor protein, p53. Human p21 has a calculated molecular weight of 18 kDa and runs at 21 kDa in SDS-PAGE.
The epitope has been mapped to the last 20 amino acids (residues 145-164) of human p21, one of the most conserved regions between human and mouse p21. Reaction of the antibody with overlapping peptides fragments suggest that the epitope may be further mapped to residues 145-156 (TSMTDFYHSKRR). This sequence overlaps with the sequence of p21 (KRRQTSMTDFYH) which is responsible for the specific interaction of p21 with PCNA.
Development References (5)
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Fredersdorf S, Milne AW, Hall PA, Lu X. Characterization of a panel of novel anti-p21Waf1/Cip1 monoclonal antibodies and immunochemical analysis of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression in normal human tissues. Am J Pathol. 1996; 148(3):825-835. (Clone-specific: Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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Grana X, Reddy EP. Cell cycle control in mammalian cells: role of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), growth suppressor genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Oncogene. 1995; 11(2):211-219. (Biology). View Reference
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Huppi K, Siwarski D, Dosik J, et al. Molecular cloning, sequencing, chromosomal localization and expression of mouse p21 (Waf1). Oncogene. 1994; 9(10):3017-3020. (Biology). View Reference
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Levine AJ. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell. 1997; 88(3):323-331. (Biology). View Reference
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Mazars GR, Jat PS. Expression of p24, a novel p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1-related protein, correlates with measurement of the finite proliferative potential of rodent embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94(1):151-156. (Clone-specific: Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical Data Sheets before using this product as described.
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.