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Flow cytometric analysis of Cleaved PARP (Asp 214) expression in Camptothecin-treated Jurkat cells. Cells from the human Jurkat (Acute T cell leukemia, ATCC TIB-152) cell line were cultured for 6 hours with (solid line histogram) or without (dashed line histogram) Camptothecin (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. C-9911; 12 μM final concentration). The cells were harvested, washed with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (FBS) (Cat. No. 554656), and fixed and permeabilized with BD Cytofix/Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution (Cat. No. 554722). The cells were then washed and stained in BD Perm/Wash™ Buffer (Cat. No. 554723) with BD Horizon™ R718 Mouse Anti-Cleaved PARP (Asp 214) antibody (Cat. No. 567100/567242). Histograms showing cleaved PARP (Asp 214) expression were derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact Jurkat cells. Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a BD™ LSR II Flow Cytometer System.
BD Horizon™ R718 Mouse Anti-Cleaved PARP (Asp214)
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Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (Compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
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PARP (Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase) is a 113-kDa nuclear chromatin-associated enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to a variety of nuclear proteins including topoisomerases, histones, and PARP itself. The catalytic activity of PARP is increased in cells following DNA damage, and PARP is thought to play an important role in mediating the normal cellular response to DNA damage. Additionally, PARP is a target of the caspase protease activity associated with apoptosis. The PARP protein consists of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal catalytic domain separated by a central automodification domain. During apoptosis, Caspase-3 cleaves PARP at a recognition site (Asp Glu Val Asp Gly) in the DBD to form 24- and 89-kDa fragments. This process separates the DBD (which is mostly in the 24-kDa fragment) from the catalytic domain (in the 89-kDa fragment) of the enzyme, resulting in the loss of normal PARP function. It has been proposed that inactivation of PARP directs DNA-damaged cells to undergo apoptosis rather than necrotic degradation, and the presence of the 89-kDa PARP cleavage fraction is considered to be a marker of apoptosis.
A peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the cleavage site (Asp 214) of human PARP was used as the immunogen. The F21-852 monoclonal antibody reacts only with the 89-kDa fragment of human PARP-1 that is downstream of the Caspase-3 cleavage site (Asp214) and contains the automodification and catalytic domains. It does not react with intact human PARP-1. Cross-reactivity with other members of the PARP superfamily is unknown. Recognition of cleaved PARP in mouse cells has been demonstrated, and it may also cross-react with a number of other species due to the conserved nature of the molecule.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ Red 718, which has been developed exclusively by for BD Biosciences as a better alternative to Alexa Fluor™ 700. BD Horizon™ Red 718 can be excited by the red laser (628 – 640 nm) and, with an Em Max around 718 nm, it can be detected using a 730/45 nm filter. Due to similar excitation and emission properties, we do not recommend using R718 in combination with APC-R700 or Alexa Fluor™ 700.
Development References (12)
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Lamarre D, Talbot B, de Murcia G, et al. Structural and functional analysis of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase: an immunological study. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988; 950(2):147-160. (Biology). View Reference
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Patel V, Balakrishnan K, Bibikova E, et al. Comparison of Acalabrutinib, A Selective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, with Ibrutinib in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2017; 23(14):3734-3743. (Clone-specific). View Reference
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