Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
Companion Products
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The EH12.1 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD279 which is also known as Programmed cell death 1 (PD1). CD279 is an immunoregulatory receptor expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. It contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic region. Mice deficient in CD279 show a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and manifest multiple autoimmune symptoms. PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands of CD279 and members of the B7 gene family. CD279:PD-Ligands interaction inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Reports suggest that the B7/CTLA-4 pathway primarily attenuates, limits, and/or terminates naïve T-cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs. The PD-ligand:CD279 pathway, on the other hand, may primarily attenuate, limit, and/or terminate T-, B-, and myeloid cell activation/effector function at sites of inflammation in the periphery.
Development References (8)
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Bennett F, Luxenberg D, Ling V, et al. Program death-1 engagement upon TCR activation has distinct effects on costimulation and cytokine-driven proliferation: attenuation of ICOS, IL-4, and IL-21, but not CD28, IL-7, and IL-15 responses. J Immunol. 2003; 170(2):711-718. (Biology). View Reference
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Carter L, Fouser LA, Jussif J, et al. PD-1:PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and is overcome by IL-2. Eur J Immunol. 2002; 32:634-643. (Biology). View Reference
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Dorfman DM, Brown JA, Shahsafaei A, Freeman GJ. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a marker of germinal center-associated T cells and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006; 30:802-810. (Biology). View Reference
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Freeman GJ, Long AJ, Iwai Y, et al. Engagement of PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med. 2000; 192:1027-1034. (Biology). View Reference
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Kanai T, Totsuka T, Uraushihara K, et al. Blockade of B7-H1 suppresses the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. J Immunol. 2003; 171(8):4156-4163. (Biology). View Reference
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Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, et al. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol. 2001; 2(3):261-268. (Biology). View Reference
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Nishimura H, Minato N, Nakano T, Honjo T. Immunological studies on PD-1 deficient mice: implication of PD-1 as a negative regulator for B cell responses. Int Immunol. 1998; 10(10):1563-1572. (Immunogen: Immunoprecipitation). View Reference
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Velu V, Kannanganat S, Ibegbu C, et al. Elevated expression levels of inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 on simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection but not after vaccination. J Virol. 2007; 81(11):5819-5828. (Clone-specific: Blocking). View Reference
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.