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Flow cytometric analysis of NF-κB p65 (pS529) expression by TNF-treated HeLa S3 cells. Cultured cells from the human HeLa S3 (Cervical adenocarcinoma, ATCC CCL 2.2) cell line were starved overnight in Dulbecco's Minimal Eagle's Medium. The cells were harvested and washed with Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline. They were then either left untreated (dashed line histogram) or treated (37°C, 10 min) with Recombinant Human TNF protein (20 ng/mL; Cat. No. 554618; solid line histogram) and Calyculin A (50 nM). The cells were fixed (10 min; 37°C) with pre-warmed BD Cytofix™ Fixation Buffer (Cat. No. 554655), permeabilized (30 min on ice) with BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050) and washed twice with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (FBS) (Cat. No. 554656). The cells were then stained with BD Phosflow™ R718 Mouse Anti-Human NF-κB p65 (pS529) antibody (Cat. No. 567093). The fluorescence histograms showing NF-κB p65 (pS529) expression were derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact HeLa S3 cells. Flow cytometry and data analysis were performed using a BD™ LSR II Flow Cytometer System and FlowJo™ software.
BD Phosflow™ R718 Mouse Anti-Human NF-κB p65 (pS529)
BD Phosflow™ R718 Mouse Anti-Human NF-κB p65 (pS529)
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Preparation And Storage
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The K10-895.12.50 monoclonal antibody recognizes the phosphorylated serine 529 (pS529) in the transactivation domain of the human NF-κB p65 subunit. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that regulates the expression of many other genes. It is crucial for cellular responses to a variety of stimuli including stress and microbial pathogens that lead to immunity, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The most studied NF-κB complex consists of the p50 (also known as NF-κB1) and p65 (also known as REL-A) subunits, both containing a 300-amino acid region with homology to the Rel proto-oncogene product (RH domain). The RH domain contains motifs for dimerization, nuclear localization, and binding to specific DNA sequences. In addition to the RH domain, the p65 subunit contains the transactivation domain, which is responsible for the interaction with the inhibitor IκB and which contains phosphorylation sites. In most cell types, the p50/p65 heterodimer is located within the cytoplasm complexed to IκB. This complex prevents nuclear translocation and activity of NF-κB. In response to stimuli such as cytokines, LPS, DNA damage, and microbial infections, IκB is phosphorylated at critical residues. This phosphorylation induces dissociation of the IκB/NF-κB complex, allowing the free heterodimeric NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus. Furthermore, optimal activation of NF-κB requires phosphorylation in the transactivation domain of p65. In the nucleus, activated NF-κB dimers bind to the κB sites within promoters and enhancers and function as transcriptional regulators.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ Red 718, which has been developed exclusively by for BD Biosciences as a better alternative to Alexa Fluor™ 700. BD Horizon™ Red 718 can be excited by the red laser (628–640 nm) and, with an Em Max around 718 nm, it can be detected using a 730/45 nm filter. Due to similar excitation and emission properties, we do not recommend using R718 in combination with APC-R700 or Alexa Fluor™ 700.
Development References (8)
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Feasibility study: phospho-specific flow cytometry enabling rapid functional analysis of bone marrow samples from patients with multiple myeloma. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2014; 86B:139-144. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Mingueneau M, Kreslavsky T, Gray D, . The transcriptional landscape of alphabeta T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol. 2013; 14(6):619-632. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Natoli G, Saccani S, Bosisio D, Marazzi I. Interactions of NF-kappaB with chromatin: the art of being at the right place at the right time. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6(5):439-445. (Biology). View Reference
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Siebenlist U, Brown K, Claudio E. Control of lymphocyte development by nuclear factor-kappaB. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005; 5:435-445. (Biology). View Reference
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Suni MA, Maino VC. Flow cytometric analysis of cell signaling proteins. Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 717:155-169. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Viatour P, Merville M-P, Bours V, Chariot A. Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins: implications in cancer and inflammation. Trends Biochem Sci. 2005; 30(1):43-52. (Biology). View Reference
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van de Laar L, van den Bosch A, Boonstra A, et al. PI3K-PKB hyperactivation augments human plasmacytoid dendritic cell development and function. Blood. 2012; 120(25):4982-4991. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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