Immunohistofluorescent staining of C-Peptide in human, rat, and mouse islets of Langerhans. Following antigen retrieval with BD Retrievagen A Buffer (Cat. No. 550524), sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human (top panel), rat (center panel), and mouse (bottom panel) pancreata were blocked using an Avidin/ Biotin Blocking Kit (Vector Laboratories, Cat. No. SP-2001) as recommended by the manufacturer. The sections were then stained with Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse Anti-C-Peptide (Cat. No. 565831, pseudocolored green). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 564907, pseudocolored red). The photographs were performed on a standard epifluorescence microscope. Original magnifications: 20X.
Immunohistofluorescent staining of C-Peptide in human, rat, and mouse islets of Langerhans. Following antigen retrieval with BD Retrievagen A Buffer (Cat. No. 550524), sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human (top panel), rat (center panel), and mouse (bottom panel) pancreata were blocked using an Avidin/ Biotin Blocking Kit (Vector Laboratories, Cat. No. SP-2001) as recommended by the manufacturer. The sections were then stained with Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse Anti-C-Peptide (Cat. No. 565831, pseudocolored green). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 564907, pseudocolored red). The photographs were performed on a standard epifluorescence microscope. Original magnifications: 20X.
Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- The Alexa Fluor®, Pacific Blue™, and Cascade Blue® dye antibody conjugates in this product are sold under license from Molecular Probes, Inc. for research use only, excluding use in combination with microarrays, or as analyte specific reagents. The Alexa Fluor® dyes (except for Alexa Fluor® 430), Pacific Blue™ dye, and Cascade Blue® dye are covered by pending and issued patents.
- Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
- Alexa Fluor® 647 fluorochrome emission is collected at the same instrument settings as for allophycocyanin (APC).
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
Companion Products
The U8-424 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to human, mouse, and rat C-Peptide, the connecting peptide that links the A- and B-chains in the proinsulin molecule. The A- and B- chains and C-Peptide are encoded by the transcript of the INS gene and are produced by the β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. As the biosynthesis of insulin proceeds, the C-Peptide is cleaved from proinsulin to form the mature insulin hormone, which is composed of the A- and B-chains linked by 2 disulfide bonds. Mature insulin and C-Peptide are stored in granules in the β cells and are released to the blood in response to metabolic signals such as glucose, the amino acids arginine and leucine, and acetylcholine. As a result, C-Peptide is released into the blood stream in an equimolar amount to insulin; the serum level of C-Peptide correlates with pancreatic β cell function and the amount of insulin being produced. The expression of C-Peptide can be used to monitor the pancreatic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Insulin is an evolutionarily conserved peptide hormone that binds to receptors on target cells (primarily adipose and muscle) to promote the absorption of glucose from the blood, thus regulating fat and carbohydrate metabolism. C-Peptide itself binds to many cell types, independently of the insulin receptor, and initiates several intracellular signaling cascades.
Development References (7)
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D'Amour KA, Bang AG, Eliazer S, et al . Production of pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2006; 24(12):1481-1483. (Biology). View Reference
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Kelly OG, Chan MY, Martinson LA, et al. Cell-surface markers for the isolation of pancreatic cell types derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2011; 29(8):750-756. (Biology). View Reference
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Ko AS, Smyth DG, Marktussen J, Sundby F. The amino acid sequence of the C-peptide of human proinsulin.. Eur J Biochem. 1971; 20(2):190-9. (Biology). View Reference
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Pagliuca FW, Millman JR, Gürtler M, et al. Generation of functional human pancreatic β cells in vitro. Cell. 2014; 159(2):428-439. (Biology). View Reference
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Rezania A, Bruin JE, Riedel MJ et al. Maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors into functional islets capable of treating pre-existing diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2012; 61(8):2016-2029. (Biology). View Reference
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Suckale J, Solimena M. The insulin secretory granule as a signaling hub.. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 21(10):599-609. (Biology). View Reference
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Yosten GL, Kolar GR. The Physiology of Proinsulin C-Peptide: Unanswered Questions and a Proposed Model.. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015; 30(4):327-32. (Biology). View Reference
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