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Two-color flow cytometric analysis of Ki-67 expression by noncycling Human peripheral blood lymphocytes or proliferating Human MOLT-4 cells. Noncycling Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; Top Plots) or proliferating cells from the Human MOLT-4 (T lymphoblastic leukemia, ATCC® CRL-1582™) cell line (Bottom Plots) were permeabilized and fixed with 70% ice-cold ethanol. The cells were washed twice with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (FBS) [Cat. No. 554656], stained with either BD Horizon™ RB780 Mouse IgG1 Isotype Control (Cat. No. 568532; Left Plots) or BD Horizon™ RB780 Mouse Anti-Ki-67 antibody (Cat. No. 568761/568762; Right Plots) and counterstained with BD Pharmingen™ DAPI Solution (Cat. No. 564907) to stain DNA. Bivariate pseudocolor density plots showing the correlated expression of DAPI staining versus Ki-67 expression (or Ig isotype Control staining) were derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact lymphocytes or MOLT-4 cells. Flow cytometry and data analysis were performed using a BD FACSymphony™ A5 SE Cell Analyzer System and FlowJo™ Software.
BD Horizon™ RB780 Mouse Anti-Ki-67
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Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Product Notices
- When using high concentrations of antibody, background binding of this dye to erythroid fragments produced by ammonium chloride-based lysis, such as with BD Pharm Lyse™ Lysing Buffer (Cat. No. 555899), has been observed when the antibody conjugate was present during the lysis procedure. This may cause nonspecific staining of target cells, such as leukocytes, which have bound the resulting erythroid fragments. This background can be mitigated by any of the following: titrating the antibody conjugate to a lower concentration, fixing samples with formaldehyde, or removing erythrocytes before staining (eg, gradient centrifugation or pre-lysis with wash). This background has not been observed when cells were lysed with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution (Cat. No. 349202) after staining.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Please observe the following precautions: Absorption of visible light can significantly alter the energy transfer occurring in any tandem fluorochrome conjugate; therefore, we recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to prevent exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to room illumination.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
- Species cross-reactivity detected in product development may not have been confirmed on every format and/or application.
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The B56 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the Ki-67 antigen that is expressed in the nucleus of cycling cells (G1, S, G2, M cell cycle phases). During the G0 phase, the antigen cannot be detected. During interphase of the cell cycle, it is associated with nucleolar components, and it is on the surface of the chromosomes during M phase. Ki-67 is a large protein having 2 alternatively spliced isoforms, an N-terminal forkhead-associated domain, a C-terminal domain that binds to heterochromatin proteins, and multiple phosphorylation sites, the functions of which are still unclear. Because of the strict association of Ki-67 expression with cell proliferation, anti-Ki-67 antibodies are useful for the identification, quantification, and monitoring of growing cell populations.
Development References (15)
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Bruno S, Crissman HA, Bauer KD, Darzynkiewicz Z. Changes in cell nuclei during S phase: progressive chromatin condensation and altered expression of the proliferation-associated nuclear proteins Ki-67, cyclin (PCNA), p105, and p34. Exp Cell Res. 1991; 196(1):99-106. (Biology: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Kill IR. Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus: evidence for a fibrillarin-deficient region of the dense fibrillar component. J Cell Sci. 1996; 109(6):1253-1263. (Biology). View Reference
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Kubbutat MH, Key G, Duchrow M, Schluter C, Flad HD, Gerdes J. Epitope analysis of antibodies recognising the cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen previously defined by the antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67 protein). J Clin Pathol. 1994; 47(6):524-528. (Biology). View Reference
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Mueller YM, Petrovas C, Bojczuk PM, et al. Interleukin-15 increases effector memory CD8+ t cells and NK Cells in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques.. J Virol. 2005; 79(8):4877-85. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Picker LJ, Hagen SI, Lum R, et al. Insufficient production and tissue delivery of CD4+ memory T cells in rapidly progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Exp Med. 2004; 200(10):1299-1314. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Pitcher CJ, Hagen SI, Walker JM, et al. Development and homeostasis of T cell memory in rhesus macaque. J Immunol. 2002; 168(1):29-43. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Scholzen T, Gerdes J. The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown.. J Cell Physiol. 2000; 182(3):311-22. (Biology). View Reference
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Shi SR, Key ME, Kalra KL. Antigen retrieval in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem. 1991; 39(6):741-748. (Biology). View Reference
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Spargo LDJ, Cleland LG, Cockshell MP, Mayrhofer Graham. Recruitment and proliferation of CD4+ T cells in synovium following adoptive transfer of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Int Immunol. 2006; 18(6):897-910. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry, Immunofluorescence).
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Valenti LM, Mathieu J, Chancerelle Y, et al. High levels of endogenous nitric oxide produced after burn injury in rats arrest activated T lymphocytes in the first G1 phase of the cell cycle and then induce their apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 2005; 306(1):150-167. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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