Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
Western blot: Please refer to http://www.bdbiosciences.com/pharmingen/protocols/Western_Blotting.shtml
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- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
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Companion Products
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Cell cycle checkpoints are regulatory mechanisms that prevent cell cycle progression in the presence of DNA damage or incompletely replicated DNA. Many of the genes required for cell-cycle arrest are also involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, and induction of transcription. In yeast and humans, hRAD9 plays a role in cell cycle arrest during the G2 phase before entry into mitosis. Phosphorylated hRAD9 is found in the nucleus after DNA damage, and forms DNA damage-responsive complexes with other putative checkpoint control proteins, such as hRAD1 and hHUS1. Expression of hRAD9 in S. pombe rad9::ura4+ cells restores resistance to the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea and gamma rays. In addition, hRAD9 binds the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL , and antisense hRAD9 RNA suppresses DNA-damage induced cell death. Thus, hRAD9 may be an important component of protein complexes that regulate cell cycle progression, as well as apoptosis, in response to DNA damage.
Development References (5)
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Komatsu K, Miyashita T, Hang H. Human homologue of S. pombe Rad9 interacts with BCL-2/BCL-xL and promotes apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 2000; 2(1):1-6. (Biology). View Reference
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Lieberman HB, Hopkins KM, Nass M, Demetrick D, Davey S. A human homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ checkpoint control gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(24):13890-13895. (Biology). View Reference
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St Onge RP, Udell CM, Casselman R, Davey S. The human G2 checkpoint control protein hRAD9 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that forms complexes with hRAD1 and hHUS1. Mol Cell Biol. 1999; 10(6):1985-1995. (Biology). View Reference
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Volkmer E, Karnitz LM. Human homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1, hus1, and rad9 form a DNA damage-responsive protein complex. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(2):567-570. (Biology). View Reference
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Yoshida K, Komatsu K, Wang HG, Kufe D. c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates the human Rad9 checkpoint protein in response to DNA damage. Mol Cell Biol. 2002; 22(10):3292-32300. (Biology: Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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