Description
Human Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a member of the type I cytokine family that is encoded by a gene resident on chromosome 4. The mature form of human IL-21 is a 131 amino acid protein. IL-21 is produced by activated NKT and multiple CD4+ T cell subsets including effector memory and central memory CD4+ T cells and differentiated T helper cell subsets polarized towards Th17 cell and T follicular helper (Tfh) phenotypes. IL-21 plays important protective roles in the regulation of hematopoiesis and both innate and adaptive immune responses and adverse roles in promoting autoimmunity. IL-21 costimulates the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. It enhances the proliferation of and cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. IL-21 costimulates B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells producing immunoglobulins with IgG isotypes. IL-21 can also regulate the functions of dendritic cells and other myeloid cells. IL-21 exerts its biological activities by binding to and activating the Janus activating kinases (JAK1 and JAK3) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1, STAT3, STA5a and STAT5b) signaling pathways through the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) complex. The IL-21R complex is comprised of the IL-21R alpha subunit and the common cytokine receptor gamma subunit (γ c; CD132).
The monoclonal 3A3-N2 antibody specifically binds to human IL-21.
Format
- Format
PE
- Excitation Source
Blue 488 nm,Green 532 nm,Yellow/Green 561 nm
- Excitation Max
496 nm
- Emission Max
578 nm
R-phycoerythrin (PE) is an accessory photosynthetic pigment found in red algae. It exists in vitro as a 240-kDa protein with 23 phycoerythrobilin chromophores per molecule. This makes PE one of the brightest fluorochromes for flow cytometry applications, but its photobleaching properties make it unsuitable for fluorescence microscopy.
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Preparation and Storage
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography.
The antibody was conjugated with R-PE under optimum conditions, and unconjugated antibody and free PE were removed.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Product Notices
- This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/pharmingen/protocols for technical protocols.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
