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Analyses of mTOR (pS2448) expression in stimulated human peripheral blood B cells. Left Panel: Flow cytometric analysis of mTOR (pS2448) expression. Human B lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by negative selection using the BD IMag™ Human B Lymphocyte Enrichment Set - DM (Cat. No. 558007). The B cells were serum starved overnight in culture and were either not stimulated (dashed line histogram) or were stimulated with Type C CpG oligonucleotide (1 μM, 4 hrs; InvivoGen, Cat. No. TLRL-2395). The cells were fixed with BD Cytofix™ Fixation Buffer (Cat. No. 554655; 10 minutes at 37°C) and then permeabilized by adding BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050; 30 minutes on ice). The cells were washed twice with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 554656) and then stained with BD Phosflow™ PE Mouse Anti-mTOR (pS2448) (Cat. No. 563489) and Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse Anti-Human CD20 (Cat. No. 558054) antibodies using the BD Biosciences Protocol for Intracellular Staining. The fluorescence histograms were derived from CD20 positive-gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a BD FACSCanto™ II Flow Cytometer. Right Panel: Western blot analysis of mTOR (pS2448) expression. Aliquots of the unstimulated (lane 1) or CPG-stimulated (lane 2) B cells described above were made into lysates. The lysates were electrophoresed, transferred to membranes and blotted using Purified Mouse Anti-mTOR (pS2448) antibody (Clone O21-404; 2 μg/mL). Phosphorylated mTOR (pS2448) was identified as ~240-245 kDa band.
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BD Phosflow™ PE Mouse Anti-mTOR (pS2448)
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- This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
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The O21-404 monoclonal antibody recognizes the human mammalian target of rapmycin,(mTOR) that is phosphorylated at
serine residue 2448, mTOR (pS2448). mTOR belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related (PIKK) family of kinases. mTOR is also known as mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase), FRAP, RAFT1, and RAPT1. mTOR functions as an amino acid and ATP sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth. When nutrients are sufficiently available, mTOR is activated by phosphorylation at serine residue 2448 through the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Phosphorylated mTOR in turn activates the p70 S6 kinase and contributes to the inactivation 4E-BP1, an elF4E inhibitor. In this way, mTOR participates in the upregulation of cellular protein synthesis, growth, proliferation and survival. mTOR function may be abnormally regulated in tumors.

Development References (6)
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Brown EJ, Albers MW, Shin TB, et al. A mammalian protein targeted by G1-arresting rapamycin-receptor complex. Nature. 1994; 369(6483):756-758. (Biology). View Reference
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Chiu MI, Katz H, Berlin V. RAPT1, a mammalian homolog of yeast Tor, interacts with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91(26):12574-12578. (Biology). View Reference
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Holz MK, Blenis J. Identification of S6 kinase 1 as a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-phosphorylating kinase. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280(28):26089-26093. (Biology). View Reference
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Johnson SC, Rabinovitch PS, Kaeberlein M. mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease. Nature. 2013; 493(7432):338-345. (Biology). View Reference
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Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR. Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation. Biochem J. 1999; 344:427-431. (Biology). View Reference
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Sengupta S, Peterson TR, Sabatini DM. Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients, growth factors, and stress. Mol Cell. 2010; 40(2):310-322. (Biology). View Reference
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