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Flow cytometric analysis of Erk1/2 (pT202/pY204) expression in stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Whole blood was either left untreated (dashed line histogram) or treated (solid line histogram) with 400 nM Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA; Sigma, Cat. No. P8139) for 15 minutes at 37°C. Erythrocytes were lysed and the leukocytes were fixed with 1X BD Phosflow™ Lyse/Fix Buffer (Cat. No. 558049) for 10 minutes at 37°C. The cells were then permeabilized with BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050) on ice for 30 minutes and stained with BD Phosflow™ R718 Mouse Anti-Erk1/2 (pT202/pY204) (Cat. No. 570006/570087). The fluorescence histograms showing ERK1/2 (pT202/pY204) expression were derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact lymphocytes. Flow cytometry and data analysis were performed using a BD LSRFortessa™ Cell Analyzer System and FlowJo™ Software.
BD Phosflow™ R718 Mouse Anti-ERK1/2 (pT202/pY204)
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The members of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family are components of a key signal transduction cascade that links events at the cell surface to responses in the nucleus. The signaling cascade is found in species as varied as yeast and humans, with many of the proteins being well conserved. In mammals the most widely studied members of the cascade are the Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases, ERK1 (p44 MAPK) and ERK2 (p42 MAPK). ERK1 and ERK2 share 85% homology and are activated by extracellular signals such as growth factors, hormones, and phorbol esters. Activation occurs through a series of phosphorylations by kinases activating other kinases and eventually leading to phosphorylation of the ERKs. Growth factor stimulation leads to activation of Ras and Raf, leading to phosphorylation of MEK1 (MAPK/ERK kinase) which, in turn, activates the ERKs via dual phosphorylation. Once activated, the ERKs phosphorylate other cytoplasmic signalling molecules, cell-surface receptors, microtubule-associated proteins, and transcription factors in the nucleus. Thus, the active ERK has myriad downstream effectors that implicate it in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as regulation of the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, studies have shown that elevated ERK activity is associated with some cancers.
The 20A monoclonal antibody recognizes the phosphorylated threonine 202 and tyrosine 204 (pT202/pY204) of human ERK1 and pT184/pY186 of human ERK2. The orthologous phosphorylation sites in murine ERK1 and ERK2 are T203/Y205 and T183/Y185.
研发参考 (7)
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Boulton TG, Cobb MH. Identification of multiple extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) with antipeptide antibodies. Cell Regul. 1991; 2(5):357-371. (Biology). 查看参考
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Clark EA, Hynes RO. Ras activation is necessary for integrin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 but not for cytoskeletal organization. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271(25):14814-14818. (Biology). 查看参考
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Irish JM, Czerwinski DK, Nolan GP, Levy R. Altered B-cell receptor signaling kinetics distinguish human follicular lymphoma B cells from tumor-infiltrating nonmalignant B cells. Blood. 2006; 108(9):3135-3142. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). 查看参考
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Irish JM, Czerwinski DK, Nolan GP, Levy R. Kinetics of B cell receptor signaling in human B cell subsets mapped by phosphospecific flow cytometry. J Immunol. 2006; 177(3):1581-1589. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). 查看参考
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Krutzik PO, Nolan GP. Fluorescent cell barcoding in flow cytometry allows high-throughput drug screening and signaling profiling. Nat Methods. 2006; 3(5):361-368. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). 查看参考
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Krutzik PO, Nolan GP. Intracellular phospho-protein staining techniques for flow cytometry: monitoring single cell signaling events. Cytometry A. 2003; 55(2):61-70. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). 查看参考
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Sivaraman VS, Wang H, Nuovo GJ, Malbon CC. Hyperexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase in human breast cancer. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99(7):1478-1483. (Biology). 查看参考
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