Preparation and Storage
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For optimal and reproducible results, BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer should be used anytime two or more BD Horizon Brilliant dyes (including BD Optibuild Brilliant reagents) are used in the same experiment. Fluorescent dye interactions may cause staining artifacts which may affect data interpretation. The BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer was designed to minimize these interactions. More information can be found in the Technical Data Sheet of the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 563794/566349) or the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer Plus (Cat. No. 566385).
Product Notices
- This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
- Pacific Blue™ is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- BD Horizon Brilliant Violet 421 is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,158,444; 8,362,193; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
- BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,110,673; 8,158,444; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
関連製品
The 17A12 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the IL-21 Receptor (IL-21R). The IL-21R, also known as CD360, is a 538 amino acid cytokine receptor with an extracellular domain consisting of one copy of the conserved WSXWS -containing cytokine-binding domain. The IL-21 receptor combines with the common cytokine-receptor γ-chain to form a functional receptor complex for IL-21. IL-21 is mainly produced by activated CD4+ T cells including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. IL-21R is preferentially expressed by B cells, T cells, NK cells, some populations of myeloid cells, keratinocytes, and dendritic cells. Binding of its ligand, IL-21, in these cells results in the activation of the Jak/Stat signal transduction pathway. The effects IL-21 ligand binding has pleiotropic actions such as augmenting the proliferation of T cells, driving of B cells into memory cells, terminally differentiating plasma cells and augmenting the activity of natural killer cells. IL-21 receptor has anti-tumor activity and might have a role in the development of autoimmunity; it has been reported that the IL-21 receptor affects the homeostasis of regulatory T cells and it could enhance T cell-activated responses in human immune-inflammatory diseases.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ BV421 which is part of the BD Horizon Brilliant™ Violet family of dyes. With an Ex Max of 407-nm and Em Max at 421-nm, BD Horizon BV421 can be excited by the violet laser and detected in the standard Pacific Blue™ filter set (eg, 450/50-nm filter). BD Horizon BV421 conjugates are very bright, often exhibiting a 10 fold improvement in brightness compared to Pacific Blue conjugates.
Development References (11)
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Asao H, Okuyama C, Kumaki S et al. Cutting edge: the common gamma-chain is an indispensable subunit of the IL-21 receptor complex. J Immunol. 2001; 167(1):1-5. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Leonard WJ and Spolski R. Interleukin-21: A modulator of lymphoid proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005; 5(9):688-698. (Biology). View Reference
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Li J, Nara H, Rahman M, Juliana FM, Araki A, Asao H. Impaired IL-7 signaling may explain a case of atypical JAK3-SCID. Cytokine. 2010; 49(2):221-228. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Mizuguchi M, Asao H, Hara T, Higuchi M, Fujii M, Nakamura M. Transcriptional activation of the interleukin-21 gene and its receptor gene by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax in human T-cells. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284(38):25501-25511. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Nara H, Onoda T, Rahman M, et al. Regulation of interleukin-21 receptor expression and its signal transduction by WSB-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010; 392(2):171-177. (Immunogen: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Parrish-Novak J, Dillon SR, Nelson A, et al. Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. Nature. 2000; 408(6808):57-63. (Biology). View Reference
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Parrish-Novak J, Foster DC, Holly RD, Clegg CH. Interleukin-21 and the IL-21 receptor: novel effectors of NK and T cell responses. J Leukoc Biol. 2002; 72(5):856-863. (Biology). View Reference
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Peluso I, Fantini MC, Fina D et al. IL-21 counteracts the regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2007; 178(2):732-739. (Biology). View Reference
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Piao WH, Jee YH, Liu RL et al. IL-21 modulates CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cell homeostasis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scand J Immunol. 2008; 67(1):37-46. (Biology). View Reference
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Rahman M, Nara H, Onoda T et al. Cloning and characterization of an isoform of interleukin-21. FEBS Lett. 2007; 581(21):4001-4009. (Clone-specific). View Reference
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Wu Z, Kim HP, Xue HH, Liu H, Zhao K, Leonard WJ. Interleukin-21 receptor gene induction in human T cells is mediated by T-cell receptor-induced Sp1 activity. Mol Cell Biol. 2005; 25(22):9741-9752. (Biology). View Reference
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