Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Product Notices
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
- For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
- Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
- When using high concentrations of antibody, background binding of this dye to erythroid fragments produced by ammonium chloride-based lysis, such as with BD Pharm Lyse™ Lysing Buffer (Cat. No. 555899), has been observed when the antibody conjugate was present during the lysis procedure. This may cause nonspecific staining of target cells, such as leukocytes, which have bound the resulting erythroid fragments. This background can be mitigated by any of the following: titrating the antibody conjugate to a lower concentration, fixing samples with formaldehyde, or removing erythrocytes before staining (eg, gradient centrifugation or pre-lysis with wash). This background has not been observed when cells were lysed with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution (Cat. No. 349202) after staining.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Please observe the following precautions: We recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to protect exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to any room illumination. Absorption of visible light can significantly affect the emission spectra and quantum yield of tandem fluorochrome conjugates.
Companion Products
The TY25 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD273, also known as B7-DC or PD-L2. CD273 is a 42-kDa type I membrane glycoprotein encoded by the Pdcd1lg2 gene of the B7 family of the Ig superfamily. Pdcd1lg2 mRNA is expressed selectively in dendritic cells (DC), liver, and a few transformed cell lines (hepatic, neuroblastoma, and myeloid), but not in lymphoid tissues or macrophages. The protein has not been detected on resting peripheral T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, or DC, but it is upregulated upon activation of T cells, macrophages, and DC by a variety of stimulatory factors. B7-DC's receptor, PD-1, contains an ITIM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif) on its intracytoplasmic region and is expressed on activated B and T lymphocytes, suggesting that B7-DC-PD-1 interaction may be involved in the negative regulation of immune responses. The second PD-1 ligand, B7-H1 (PD-L1), is also a member of the B7 family of the Ig superfamily. B7-DC may also participate in positive immunoregulation, or costimulation of T cells, through an additional receptor, which is not PD-1 and distinct from the alternate receptor for B7-H1. Moreover, B7-DC is the first B7 ligand that has been found to participate in bi-directional communication; ligation of B7-DC on DC stimulates those DC. The TY25 antibody blocks the binding of B7-DC to PD-1, but not to its alternate ligand.
Development References (11)
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Ansari MJ, Salama AD, Chitnis T, et al. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway regulates autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. J Exp Med. 2003 July; 198(1):63-69. (Clone-specific: Blocking, Flow cytometry, Immunohistochemistry). View Reference
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Carreno BM, Collins M. The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: New pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002; 20:29-53. (Biology). View Reference
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Latchman Y, Wood CR, Chernova T, et al. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol. 2001; 2(3):261-268. (Biology). View Reference
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Liu X, Gao JX, Wen J, et al. B7DC/PDL2 promotes tumor immunity by a PD-1-independent mechanism. J Exp Med. 2003; 197:1721-1730. (Clone-specific: Blocking, Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Nguyen LT, Radhakrishnan S, Ciric B, et al. Cross-linking the B7 family molecule B7-DC directly activates immune functions of dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2002; 196:1393-1398. (Biology). View Reference
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Salama AD, Chitnis T, Imitola J, et al. Critical role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway in regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med. 2003 July; 198(1):71-78. (Biology). View Reference
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Shin T, Kennedy G, Gorski K et al. Cooperative B7-1/2 (CD80/CD86) and B7-DC costimulation of CD4+ T cells independent of the PD-1 receptor. J Exp Med. 2003; 198:31-38. (Biology). View Reference
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Tseng S-Y, Otsuji M, Gorski K, et al. B7-DC, a new dendritic cell molecule with potent costimulatory properties for T cells. J Exp Med. 2001; 193:839-846. (Biology). View Reference
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Tsushima F, Iwai H, Otsuki N, et al. Preferential contribution of B7-H1 to programmed death-1-mediated regulation of hapten-specific allergic inflammatory responses. Eur J Immunol. 2003; 33(10):2773-2782. (Clone-specific: Blocking, Immunohistochemistry, In vivo exacerbation). View Reference
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Wang S, Bajorath J, Flies DB, Dong H, Honjo T, Chen L. Molecular modeling and functional mapping of B7-H1 and B7-DC uncouple costimulatory function from PD-1 interaction. J Exp Med. 2003; 197:1083-1091. (Biology). View Reference
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Yamazaki T, Akiba H, Iwai H, et al. Expression of programmed death 1 ligands by murine T cells and APC. J Immunol. 2002; 169(10):5538-5545. (Immunogen: Flow cytometry, Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.