Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Product Notices
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
- For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
- Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
- When using high concentrations of antibody, background binding of this dye to erythroid fragments produced by ammonium chloride-based lysis, such as with BD Pharm Lyse™ Lysing Buffer (Cat. No. 555899), has been observed when the antibody conjugate was present during the lysis procedure. This may cause nonspecific staining of target cells, such as leukocytes, which have bound the resulting erythroid fragments. This background can be mitigated by any of the following: titrating the antibody conjugate to a lower concentration, fixing samples with formaldehyde, or removing erythrocytes before staining (eg, gradient centrifugation or pre-lysis with wash). This background has not been observed when cells were lysed with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution (Cat. No. 349202) after staining.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Please observe the following precautions: We recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to protect exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to any room illumination. Absorption of visible light can significantly affect the emission spectra and quantum yield of tandem fluorochrome conjugates.
Companion Products
The 165903 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes UL16-binding protein 2, 5, and 6 (ULBP-2/5/6). UL16 is a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein that can bind to human ULBP proteins which share homology with MHC class I proteins. ULBP-2 is also known as RAET1H (retinoic acid early transcript), NKG2DL2 (NKG2D ligand 2), and ALCAN-alpha. ULBP-5 is likewise known as RAET1G whereas ULBP-6 is also referred to as RAET1L. The ULBP-2/5/6 proteins possess only the alpha 1 and alpha 2 Ig-like domains and have no capacity to bind peptides or interact with beta 2 microglobulin. All three proteins can be expressed on the cell surface as glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked forms whereas ULBP2 and ULBP5 also exist as transmembrane-anchored forms. These proteins may be expressed on various cells types during development or cells experiencing stress caused by high proliferative activity, infection, transformation, or exposure to mediators in inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The ULBP-2/5/6 proteins can bind to NKG2D and thereby transduce activating signals into NK cells and costimulatory signals into activated CD8+ T cells resulting in enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity or cytokine production. The expression of ULBP-2/5/6 proteins on infected or tumor cells can play an important role in immune surveillance and homeostasis.
Development References (5)
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Cosman D, Müllberg J, Sutherland CL, et al. ULBPs, novel MHC class I-related molecules, bind to CMV glycoprotein UL16 and stimulate NK cytotoxicity through the NKG2D receptor.. Immunity. 2001; 14(2):123-33. (Biology). View Reference
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Lanier LL. NKG2D Receptor and Its Ligands in Host Defense.. Cancer Immunol Res. 2015; 3(6):575-82. (Biology). View Reference
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Raulet DH, Gasser S, Gowen BG, Deng W, Jung H. Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating receptor.. Annu Rev Immunol. 2013; 31:413-41. (Biology). View Reference
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Uhlenbrock F, Hagemann-Jensen M, Kehlet S, Andresen L, Pastorekova S, Skov S. The NKG2D ligand ULBP2 is specifically regulated through an invariant chain-dependent endosomal pathway.. J Immunol. 2014; 193(4):1654-65. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Wang R, Jaw JJ, Stutzman NC, Zou Z, Sun PD. Natural killer cell-produced IFN-γ and TNF-α induce target cell cytolysis through up-regulation of ICAM-1.. J Leukoc Biol. 2012; 91(2):299-309. (Biology). View Reference
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.