The 5D12 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes CD366 which is also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing 3) or T-cell membrane protein 3. TIM-3 is encoded by Havcr2 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2). TIM-3 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the human TIM family within the immunoglobulin superfamily, having one Ig-like V-type domain in its extracellular region. TIM-3 is expressed on activated monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, and mast cells. It is also expressed on type-1 CD4+ (Th1-like) T cells, CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and natural killer (NK) cells. TIM-3 functions as an inhibitory receptor which helps cells maintain immunological homeostasis and self tolerance. Crosslinking of cell surface TIM-3 by Galectin-9 binding downregulates Th1-like and CD8+ T cell responses and can promote Treg or myeloid-derived suppressor cells. TIM-3 enables dendritic cells to bind phosphatidyl serine expressed by apoptotic cells and to phagocytize these cells to quell potential inflammation. TIM-3 also binds to the alarmin HMGB1 thereby preventing Toll-like receptor (TLR) by released tumor cell DNA.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ BUV395 which is part of the BD Horizon Brilliant™ Ultraviolet family of dyes. This dye has been exclusively developed by BD Biosciences to have minimal spillover into other detectors, making it an optimal choice for multicolor flow cytometry. With an Ex Max at 348 nm and an Em Max at 395 nm, BD Horizon BUV395 can be excited with a 355 nm laser and detected with a 379/28 filter.
