Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Product Notices
- Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
- The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- CF™ is a trademark of Biotium, Inc.
- Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
Companion Products
The JS-81 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD81, which is also known as, Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1 (TAPA1, TAPA-1), or Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28/TSPAN28). CD81 is an ~26 kDa transmembrane protein that belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. It is involved in cell growth and signal transduction. CD81 has a very broad cellular distribution, being expressed on cells of hematopoietic, neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origin. In hematopoietic cells, the CD81 antigen is expressed on B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, thymocytes, eosinophils, germinal center follicular dendritic cells, and to a variable extent on monocytes. The CD81 antigen is not expressed on neutrophils, platelets, or erythrocytes. CD81-specific antibodies have been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on different lymphoid cell lines, particularly those derived from large cell lymphomas. They are also reported to induce homotypic cell aggregation. Immunoprecipitation studies reveal that CD81 is a component of a multimolecular complex of CD19, CD21, and CD225 that is involved in the activation and control of B cell growth.
Development References (7)
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Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, Evans RL, Tedder TF. The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules. J Immunol. 1992; 149(9):2841-2850. (Biology). View Reference
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Carloni V, Mazzocca A, Ravichandran KS. Tetraspanin CD81 is linked to ERK/MAPKinase signaling by Shc in liver tumor cells. Oncogene. 2004; 23(8):1566-1574. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation). View Reference
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Levy S, Todd SC, Maecker HT. CD81 (TAPA-1): a molecule involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion in the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998; 16:89-109. (Clone-specific). View Reference
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Mazzocca A, Sciammetta SC, Carloni V, et al. Binding of hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 to CD81 up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280(12):11329-11339. (Clone-specific: Blocking, Flow cytometry, Functional assay, Inhibition, Neutralization). View Reference
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Oren R, Takahashi S, Doss C, Levy R, Levy S. TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1990; 10(8):4007-4015. (Biology). View Reference
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Schick MR, Levy S. The TAPA-1 molecule is associated on the surface of B cells with HLA-DR molecules. J Immunol. 1993; 151(8):4090-4097. (Biology). View Reference
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Tedder TF, Wagner N, Engel P. CD81 Workshop report. In: Schlossman SF. Stuart F. Schlossman .. et al., ed. Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995:684-688.
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.