Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
For optimal and reproducible results, BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer should be used anytime two or more BD Horizon Brilliant dyes are used in the same experiment. Fluorescent dye interactions may cause staining artifacts which may affect data interpretation. The BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer was designed to minimize these interactions. More information can be found in the Technical Data Sheet of the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 563794).
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- Pacific Blue™ is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
Companion Products
The RG9-35 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to Galectin 9 (Gal-9) which is encoded by Lgals9 (lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9). Galectin-9 is expressed within cells and can be conveyed to the cell surface and released in soluble form. It is expressed by various cell types including lymphocytes, thymocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Its expression can be induced by cells in response to proinflammatory cytokines or infection by certain viruses. Galectin-9 is a ~ 40 kDa S-type lectin that has two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and forms homodimers. It binds to β-galactosides and can serve as a ligand for TIM-3 (CD366). Galectin-9 can play multiple roles in innate and adaptive immune responses including the activation of macrophage cytokine secretion and bactericidal functions, promotion of dendritic cell maturation, regulatory T cell expansion, and negative regulation of Th1, Th17, NK, and cytotoxic T cells. The RG9-35 antibody can reportedly block some biological activities of Galectin-9.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon BV421 which is part of the BD Horizon Brilliant™ Violet family of dyes. With an Ex Max of 407-nm and Em Max at 421-nm, BD Horizon BV421 can be excited by the violet laser and detected in the standard Pacific Blue™ filter set (eg, 450/50-nm filter). BD Horizon BV421 conjugates are very bright, often exhibiting a 10 fold improvement in brightness compared to Pacific Blue conjugates.
Development References (8)
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Chiba S, Baghdadi M, Akiba H, et al. Tumor-infiltrating DCs suppress nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses through interactions between the receptor TIM-3 and the alarmin HMGB1.. Nat Immunol. 2012; 13(9):832-42. (Clone-specific: In vivo exacerbation). View Reference
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Fukushima A1, Sumi T, Fukuda K, et al. Roles of galectin-9 in the development of experimental allergic conjunctivitis in mice.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008; 146(1):36-43. (Immunogen: Functional assay, In vivo exacerbation). View Reference
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Jayaraman P, Sada-Ovalle I, Beladi S, et al. Tim3 binding to galectin-9 stimulates antimicrobial immunity.. J Exp Med. 2010; 207(11):2343-54. (Biology). View Reference
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Seki M, Oomizu S, Sakata KM, et al. Galectin-9 suppresses the generation of Th17, promotes the induction of regulatory T cells, and regulates experimental autoimmune arthritis.. Clin Immunol. 2008; 127(1):78-88. (Biology). View Reference
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Shimmura-Tomita M, Wang M, Taniguchi H, Akiba H, Yagita H, Hori J. Galectin-9-mediated protection from allo-specific T cells as a mechanism of immune privilege of corneal allografts.. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5):e63620. (Clone-specific: Blocking, Flow cytometry, Fluorescence microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Inhibition, In vivo exacerbation). View Reference
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Thornley TB, Fang Z, Balasubramanian S, et al. Fragile TIM-4-expressing tissue resident macrophages are migratory and immunoregulatory.. J Clin Invest. 2014; 124(8):3443-54. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry, Functional assay). View Reference
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Wada J, Ota K, Kumar A, Wallner EI, Kanwar YS. Developmental regulation, expression, and apoptotic potential of galectin-9, a beta-galactoside binding lectin.. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99(10):2452-61. (Biology). View Reference
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Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity.. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6(12):1245-52. (Biology). View Reference
Please refer to Support Documents for Quality Certificates
Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.