Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Sodium azide is a reversible inhibitor of oxidative metabolism; therefore, antibody preparations containing this preservative agent must not be used in cell cultures nor injected into animals. Sodium azide may be removed by washing stained cells or plate-bound antibody or dialyzing soluble antibody in sodium azide-free buffer. Since endotoxin may also affect the results of functional studies, we recommend the NA/LE (No Azide/Low Endotoxin) antibody format, if available, for in vitro and in vivo use.
- Species cross-reactivity detected in product development may not have been confirmed on every format and/or application.
- Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
- This product is sold under license. Purchase of this product does not include rights to (i) incorporate this product into the purchaser's own products for resale to end-users, or (ii) use this product to conduct for-profit research for or on behalf of another party. For information on obtaining a license to this product for such prohibited uses, contact INSERM, 7 rue Watt, 75013 Paris. Telephone: +33 1 55 03 01 60. Facsimile: +33 1 55 03 01 18. Email: techtransfert@inserm-transfert.fr
- For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
Companion Products
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The CD28.2 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD28, a 44 kDa homodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein present on most mature T cells, thymocytes and plasma cells. CD28 is a costimulatory receptor that binds CD80 and CD86 as ligands and plays a very important role in T cell-B cell interactions. It has been suggested that CD28 initiates and regulates a separate and distinct signal transduction pathway from those stimulated by the TCR complex. Additionally, it has been reported that CD28 antibody clones vary in their ability to stimulate T cells to produce IL-2 and increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration. This finding suggests the existence of functionally distinct subregions on the CD28 molecule. CD28.2 has been demonstrated to bind to the same molecule as clone L293, another CD28 mAb, and has been reported to induce Ca2+ influx in Jurkat T cells.
This clone also cross-reacts with a subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes, of baboon, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. The distribution on lymphocytes is similar to that observed with normal human donor lymphocytes; however, as described in the literature, the frequency of CD28.2-positive lymphocytes is reduced in the non-human primate, with the majority of cells being CD28 negative.
Development References (11)
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Barclay NA, Brown MH, Birkeland ML, et al, ed. The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1997.
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Bjornson-Hooper ZB, Fragiadakis GK, Spitzer MH, et al. A Comprehensive Atlas of Immunological Differences Between Humans, Mice, and Non-Human Primates.. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:867015. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Guo H, Lu L, Wang R, et al. Impact of Human Mutant TGFβ1/Fc Protein on Memory and Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis Following Lymphodepletion in Nonhuman Primates.. Am J Transplant.. 2016; 16(10):2994-3006. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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June CH, Bluestone JA, Nadler LM, Thompson CB. The B7 and CD28 receptor families. Immunol Today. 1994; 15(7):321-331. (Biology). View Reference
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Kuiper H, Brouwer M, Vermeire S, van Lier R. Analysis of the Workshop CD28 Panel mAb: distinct signalling pathways coupled to CD28. In: Schlossman SF. Stuart F. Schlossman .. et al., ed. Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995:373-374.
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Lin G-X, Yang X, Hollemweguer E, et al. Cross-reactivity of CD antibodies in eight animal species. In: Mason D. David Mason .. et al., ed. Leucocyte typing VII : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop and Conference held in Harrogate, United Kingdom. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002:519-523.
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Nunes J, Klasen S, Franco MD, et al. Signalling through CD28 T-cell activation pathway involves an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C activity. Biochem J. 1993; 293(3):835-842. (Clone-specific: Calcium Flux, (Co)-stimulation, Functional assay). View Reference
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Nunes J, Klasen S, Ragueneau M, et al. CD28 mAbs with distinct binding properties differ in their ability to induce T cell activation: analysis of early and late activation events. Int Immunol. 1993; 5(3):311-315. (Immunogen: Calcium Flux, (Co)-stimulation, Flow cytometry, Functional assay, IC/FCM Block, Immunoprecipitation, Stimulation). View Reference
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Olive D, Cerdan C, Costello R, et al. CD28 and CTLA-4 cluster report. In: Schlossman SF. Stuart F. Schlossman .. et al., ed. Leucocyte typing V : white cell differentiation antigens : proceedings of the fifth international workshop and conference held in Boston, USA, 3-7 November, 1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995:360-370.
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Thaker YR, Schneider H, Rudd CE. TCR and CD28 activate the transcription factor NF-κB in T-cells via distinct adaptor signaling complexes.. Immunol Lett. 2015; 163(1):113-9. (Clone-specific: Activation, Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Tonsho M, Lee S, Aoyama A, et al. Tolerance of Lung Allografts Achieved in Nonhuman Primates via Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism. Am J Transplant.. 2015; 15(8):2231-9. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
