Preparation And Storage
Product Notices
- Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
Rac (Related to the A and C kinases) protein kinase shows 73% and 68% to Protein Kinase C and PKA, respectively, and is also known as Protein Kinase B (PKB). It was also identified as the product of the v-akt oncogene from T-cell lymphomas. PKB mRNA is expressed in a wide variety of cell lines and has been detected in porcine brain, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, and ovary. Rac phosphorylates a number of physiological substrates including MBP, glycogen synthetase, PKA RII subunit, and histone H1. PKB is activated in response to growth factors through the activation of PI3-kinase and Ras. Activation of PI3-Kinase generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate which may induce the membrane translocation of PKB coincident with its phosphorylation and activation. Cellular stress leading to the activation of the p38 MAP kinase also induces PKB activation, indicating a multiplicity of signaling pathways that activate PKB. Upon activation, PKB associates with some members of the PKC family of kinases, such as PKCδ and PKCζ. Downstream of PKB, GSK3 is thus far the only identified substrate for PKB phosphorylated in vivo.
Development References (5)
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Cross DA, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Andjelkovich M, Hemmings BA. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature. 1995; 378(6559):785-789. (Biology). View Reference
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Frech M, Andjelkovic M, Ingley E, Reddy KK, Falck JR, Hemmings BA. High affinity binding of inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides to the pleckstrin homology domain of RAC/protein kinase B and their influence on kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(13):8474-8481. (Biology). View Reference
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Jones PF, Jakubowicz T, Pitossi FJ, Maurer F, Hemmings BA. Molecular cloning and identification of a serine/threonine protein kinase of the second-messenger subfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991; 88(10):4171-4175. (Biology). View Reference
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Nakatani K, Thompson DA, Barthel A. Up-regulation of Akt3 in estrogen receptor-deficient breast cancers and androgen-independent prostate cancer lines. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(31):21528-21532. (Biology: Immunoprecipitation, Western blot). View Reference
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Pekarsky Y, Koval A, Hallas C. Tcl1 enhances Akt kinase activity and mediates its nuclear translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(7):3028-3033. (Biology: Immunofluorescence, Western blot). View Reference
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Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
